Journal Article
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 74, iss. 4, pp. 1198-1208, 2008
Authors
Grigoriy E. Pinchuk, Christine Ammons, David E. Culley, Shu-Mei W. Li, Jeff S. McLean, Margaret F. Romine, Kenneth H. Nealson, Jim K. Fredrickson, Alexander S. Beliaev
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The solubility of orthophosphate (PO
4
3−
) in iron-rich sediments can be exceedingly low, limiting the bioavailability of this essential nutrient to microbial populations that catalyze critical biogeochemical reactions. Here we demonstrate that dissolved extracellular DNA can serve as a sole source of phosphorus, as well as carbon and energy, for metal-reducing bacteria of the genus
Shewanella. Shewanella oneidensis
MR-1,
Shewanella putrefaciens
CN32, and
Shewanella
sp. strain W3-18-1 all grew with DNA but displayed different growth rates. W3-18-1 exhibited the highest growth rate with DNA. While strain W3-18-1 displayed Ca
2+
-independent DNA utilization, both CN32 and MR-1 required millimolar concentrations of Ca
2+
for growth with DNA. For
S. oneidensis
MR-1, the utilization of DNA as a sole source of phosphorus is linked to the activities of extracellular phosphatase(s) and a Ca
2+
-dependent nuclease(s), which are regulated by phosphorus availability. Mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular proteome of MR-1 identified one putative endonuclease (SO1844), a predicted UshA (bifunctional UDP-sugar hydrolase/5′ nucleotidase), a predicted PhoX (calcium-activated alkaline phosphatase), and a predicted CpdB (bifunctional 2′,3′ cyclic nucleotide 2′ phosphodiesterase/3′ nucleotidase), all of which could play important roles in the extracellular degradation of DNA under phosphorus-limiting conditions. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the ability to use exogenous DNA as the sole source of phosphorus is widespread among the shewanellae, and perhaps among all prokaryotes, and may be especially important for nutrient cycling in metal-reducing environments.
